Indian Foreign Policy free essay sample

India’s Foreign Policy Indian Foreign policy pre-dates India’s Independence. This Policy has come a long way from the pre-independence period ‘copy the west’ and ‘don’t copy the west ideology’ to the post-independence turning point decisions like restarting dialog with Pakistan. It lays its emphasis on principles like fostering cordial relations, solving conflicts by peaceful means, Sovereignty and equality of nations and Independence of thought and action. As a member of the Non-align Movement or NAM, it strongly advocates general and complete disarmament (nuclear disarmament is topmost priority). This Policy defines the foundation of India’s relationship with countries like the United States and China with the help of five main principles: Conventional Security, Economic Growth, Energy Security, Prestige Security and Nuclear Capability and Nonproliferation. Over the years India’s relationship with China has improved owing to the joint efforts of both the countries. China has strived to ensure that the border conflicts do not hamper the trade interests of the both the countries equally. We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Foreign Policy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page India’s relationship with the United States however spells out a completely different story. The relationship has moved from hostile at the time when India chose to tilt towards the Soviet Union as a reaction to the United States’ affection towards Pakistan. This scenario completely changed after President Bill Clinton’s visit to India in 2000. The major limitation of the Indian Foreign Policy is that the central government often excludes the views of the general public considering they are poorly informed about foreign issues. Although they do take into account the public reaction to the policy while framing it. Even the state institutions have limited say while framing the policy. The business class and the media have a considerable impact on the Foreign policies formed. The rise of China as a business rival acted as a catalyst in increasing the engagement of the business class in the drafting of this policy. The media impacts this policy by shaping public opinion on foreign policy issues in a democracy. The latest Foreign Trade Policy for the yr 2009-14 focuses on initiatives like Market Diversification, Technological Upgradation, Support to status holders, Agriculture, Village Industry, Marine Sector, Green products and technologies and other such areas. The goal of this new policy is to reverse the downward trend of exports along with providing additional support to the sectors hit badly by recession. The Indian Foreign Policy has adapted itself to benefit from the changing worldwide economic conditions. The policy has ensured the protection of Indian business houses and small scale industries guarantee a broader and diverse economic growth. Bibliography 1. Foreign Trade Policy 2. http://www. indianembassy. org 3. http://belfercenter. ksg. harvard. edu 4. Makers of Indias Foreign Policy: Raja Ram Mohun Roy to Yashwant Sinha by J. N. Dixit 5. India Review; Jul-Sep2009, Vol. 8 Issue 3 6. Brown Journal of World Affairs; Spring2009, Vol. 15 Issue 2. 7. http://belfercenter. ksg. harvard. edu/publication/17778/indias_foreign_policy. html

Conflicting Policies toward Minorities

Conflicting Policies toward Minorities At the end of the nineteenth century, the American government pursued different policies toward various minority groups, even though the representatives of these groups were considered to be distinct from the Anglo-Saxon population.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Conflicting Policies toward Minorities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of them were forced to assimilate into the mainstream culture, while others were excluded or segregated from the community. To a great extent, these conflicting policies can be explained by the fact that at that time, racial ideology played an important role and profoundly influenced the views of many individuals. Some minorities, especially African-Americans were denied the right to integrate into the society only because they had a different color of the skin. In contrast, white people had more opportunity to participate in social activities because they were not considered to be different from a racial point of view. On the whole, the former history of slavery and racism also affected the attitudes of the officials and public. In order to illustrate these arguments, one should first look at the policies of the state toward African-Americans. In particular, one can speak about the legal doctrine Separate but equal that emerged in the late nineteenth century. According to it, black people allegedly had the civic rights guaranteed by the Constitution. However, they were not able to attend many educational institutions or occupy positions in the government. Thus, they were excluded from the mainstream culture only because it was unacceptable to many individuals that black people could have the same opportunities in American society.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To a great extent, these attitudes of the state can be explained by the long history of sla very and unwillingness of people to see former slaves as full-right citizens. The effects of this doctrine are palpable even nowadays, when many black people are economically-disadvantaged. In their turn, the immigrants, who came from India and China, were frequently prevented from integrating into the society. For instance, in many cases, it was extremely difficult for them to find employment. This is one of the reasons why they settled in separate communities. Nevertheless, they soon acquired the label of whiteness. This is one of the reasons why they successfully integrated into the mainstream culture. Finally, one can speak about Native Americans because the state had a very peculiar attitude toward them. Unlike African-Americans, this minority group was not associated with slavery and inferior position within a society. However, they were also deemed to be distinct from the majority of American population. They could interact with the mainstream America in different ways. For i nstance, they could either completely assimilate into the society without retaining their cultural distinctions. The second option available to them was to live in segregation. However, they were viewed as an inferior race by the state. Thus, one can say that one can say that the rhetoric of race profoundly affected the life of many minority groups. On the whole, these examples indicate that that at the end of the nineteenth century, minority groups faced different challenges. Some of them were deprived of the opportunity to integrate into the community. Other people were enabled to become a part of the mainstream culture, but in some cases, they had to abandon their cultural heritage.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Conflicting Policies toward Minorities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, the legacies of slavery and racial view of the world had a strong influence on the state. This is one of the main is sues that one can identify.